According to Anthony D. Smith, nations stem from which of the following?

The viewpoint presented by Anthony D. Smith emphasizes that nations originate from pre-existing ethnic groups, often referred to as ethnies. This perspective underlines the significance of ethnic identity, culture, and historical narratives as foundational elements in the formation of nations. According to Smith, the connections between people who share a common ethnicity—such as language, culture, and historical memories—create a sense of belonging that can evolve into national consciousness.

Smith argues that nations are not merely a construct of modern political ideas or structures, but rather they are deeply rooted in the historical and cultural experiences of distinct ethnic groups. This understanding highlights how a shared heritage, traditions, and cultural practices contribute to the development of national identity. While modern political structures and civic rights may play roles in the governance and organization of nations, Smith emphasizes the primary importance of ethnic connections as the essence of what constitutes a nation.