How has immigration policy shifted since the liberal phase?

The shift in immigration policy after the liberal phase has been characterized by a move toward more restrictive and cautious approaches. This transition reflects various socio-political factors, including economic pressures, security concerns, and changing public attitudes towards immigration. In many countries, the earlier more open policies, which aimed at promoting immigration to bolster workforce numbers and address demographic challenges, have been recalibrated to prioritize national security and control over borders.

In practice, this has meant the implementation of stricter visa requirements, increased scrutiny of applications, and, in some cases, the elevation of barriers for asylum seekers and refugees. These policies often attempt to balance the need for labor with concerns over integration and social cohesion, leading to a more cautious stance toward new immigration. The focus has shifted towards evaluating the economic contributions and societal impacts of immigrants, reflecting a growing emphasis on national interests over a purely humanitarian or economically-driven approach.