What aspect does migration studies examine?

Migration studies primarily focus on the causes and consequences of migration, making this the correct choice. This field encompasses the analysis of various factors that compel individuals to migrate, such as economic opportunities, conflicts, environmental changes, and social networks. Understanding these motivations is crucial for comprehending migration patterns and trends.

Additionally, migration studies also explore the impacts of migration on both the migrants themselves and the societies they leave or enter. This includes the economic, social, demographic, and cultural effects that migration can have on both sending and receiving countries.

The other options, while related to aspects of migration or broader historical contexts, do not capture the core focus of migration studies. Historical events in Europe may provide context for migration trends but do not constitute the primary subject matter. Governance of refugee camps is a specific area within the broader scope of migration studies but does not encompass the wide range of causes and consequences that are fundamental to the field. Lastly, cultural perceptions of migration are an important aspect, but they are part of the larger analysis of migration's effects rather than the primary focus on causes and consequences.