What cultural movement emphasized myths, tradition, and national symbolism?

The cultural movement that emphasized myths, tradition, and national symbolism is Romanticism. This movement emerged in the late 18th to the mid-19th century as a response to the Industrial Revolution and the Enlightenment's focus on reason and empiricism. Romanticism celebrated emotion, nature, and the individual, often drawing on folklore, local customs, and national history to create a sense of identity and collective memory.

Romantic artists, writers, and thinkers sought to reconnect with the past and highlighted the importance of cultural heritage and national pride. They often used mythological themes and invested in the romantic ideal of the 'noble savage,' expressing a longing for the simplicity and purity of pre-industrial society. This movement allowed for the exploration of the human condition, emphasizing personal feelings and the sublime aspects of nature.

In contrast, Rationalism focuses on reason and logical thought as the primary source of knowledge. Realism, on the other hand, sought to depict everyday life and society without idealization, while Classicism emphasized order, harmony, and adherence to traditional forms and styles derived from ancient Greece and Rome. Each of these alternative movements approaches culture and expression differently, lacking the specific emphasis on myths, tradition, and national symbolism that defines Romanticism.