What is Anthony Giddens and Zygmunt Bauman's term for modernity characterized by instability?

The term "liquid modernity" coined by Zygmunt Bauman refers to the current phase of modernity where social structures and relationships are characterized by a high degree of fluidity and instability. In this context, Bauman suggests that contemporary society lacks the solid foundations that were more prevalent in earlier forms of modernity. Traditional institutions and values are increasingly replaced by temporary and flexible arrangements.

Bauman’s idea is rooted in the observation that modern individuals face constant change, leading to challenges in forming long-lasting relationships or commitments. This reflects a shift from a more stable, 'solid' modernity, where social roles and expectations were clearer and more predictable, to one where change is pervasive, and individuals must continuously adapt.

This perspective aligns with Anthony Giddens' work as well, particularly his explorations of the complexities and uncertainties inherent in contemporary life. However, "liquid modernity" is specifically Bauman’s concept that captures the essence of instability and transience in modern social life.

The other terms provided, while related to modernity in some aspects, do not specifically encapsulate the characteristic of instability as vividly as "liquid modernity" does. "Late modernity" refers broadly to the later stage of modernity