Which philosopher is known for the critique of Enlightenment rationality in the context of totalitarianism?

Max Horkheimer is known for his critique of Enlightenment rationality, particularly in the context of totalitarianism. Horkheimer, a prominent figure of the Frankfurt School, argued that the rationality promoted during the Enlightenment, which aimed for human emancipation and autonomy, could paradoxically lead to oppressive forms of social organization, including totalitarian regimes. He believed that the same reason that facilitated scientific and technological advancement could also serve as a tool for domination, allowing for the rationalization of oppressive political systems.

In his works, Horkheimer explored how the Enlightenment's emphasis on rationality could be co-opted by authoritarian structures, resulting in a loss of individual freedoms. This perspective highlighted the dangers of an uncritical acceptance of rationality that fails to account for its potential misuse in creating oppressive systems. This critical lens on the relationship between reason, culture, and power is essential in understanding the rise of totalitarianism in the 20th century.

The other thinkers mentioned may have engaged with similar themes, but their focus is somewhat distinct. For instance, Jean-François Lyotard critiqued modern narratives of progress and truth, while Zygmunt Bauman focused on the complexities of modernity and postmodernity in